Karel Matuška

* 1937

  • "Everybody thought we were Germans. They wanted to take us out. Just like the Sudetenland. That's how they were deciding what to do with the Hlučín region. They wanted to expell them too, like in the Sudetenland. They were deciding. Then they suggested that people should be distributed around the republic. Scattered. In the end, they'll keep them and try to make them Czechs, all of them. Of course. Whoever was in the German army was German. Only there were some in Hať who claimed to be Czech. They weren't even at the front. He joined the Czechs, so he didn't go to the front. There were a few of them. So after the war they ordered us to wear the letter N. We got such a band from the village. That kids and everybody had to wear it on their sleeve. But my mother threw it in a corner and said, "No N, kids. You won't wear it. We stayed here and we're glad we survived. Why do we have to wear that we're German. We were Germans, now we're Czechs. So what's wrong?' Well, we didn't wear it. Not even to school. Some of us wore it. Honestly. They were afraid some trouble would happen. But it wasn't really checked. I didn't wear it and nobody asked me why I didn't. And then they disposed of it. It was over by then."

  • "When the war came, the Russians came to us and moved us out. They told us we couldn't be there. That there would be a general there. The general was really there. There was a guard in front of the house. But then when they moved away, they took everything away from us. Dad was a musician. He had a harmonica in the basement, a trumpet, a clarinet. He played in a band. [We also had a radio. They took it all away from us. The closets were left open and empty. They took everything. The album was left there torn] and a few pictures were left. Other than that, there were no clothes left. All that was left was what we were wearing. After the war, everybody threw away the shirts that the Hitler Youth wore during Germany. That HJ. They were brown shirts with buttons. My mother cut off the buttons and threw them away. She washed the shirts, sewed on other buttons and we wore them. So we'd have something." - "And what was on the original buttons?" - "They had the letters HJ or DJ on them. The girls wore DJ and the boys wore HJ. It was called hajot and dejot. That's what the girls had."

  • "They used to sit on the bench and talk. Most of the guys talked about the army, how they had it there. Then when World War II started, that was also such an event... Everybody was dragged into the war. But my uncle Čecháček from Šilheřovice, who married a sister of my mother, he worked in the mine. He said that everybody would come back from the war and tell stories and he wouldn't have any stories. Then he was drafted anyway and died in Russia. So he didn't tell any more stories after that."

  • Celé nahrávky
  • 1

    Ostrava, 29.08.2024

    (audio)
    délka: 02:36:03
  • 2

    Ostrava, 30.08.2024

    (audio)
    délka: 02:21:36
  • 3

    Hať, 02.09.2024

    (audio)
    délka: 46:55
Celé nahrávky jsou k dispozici pouze pro přihlášené uživatele.

I don‘t claim to be Czech. I certainly don‘t belong to the Germans. We are Silesia here.

Karel Matuška / 1957
Karel Matuška / 1957
zdroj: archive of Karel Matuška

Karel Matuška was born into the family of Josef Matuška, a carpenter, in Hať on 24 June 1937. According to the civil registry record, the Matuškas lived in Hať as early as the end of the 17th century, when the civil registry was introduced. His mother Gertruda, née Sládková, came from neighbouring Šilheřovice. During the First Republic, her father Josef worked in the mines in the Ostrava region. During the crisis he lost his job and commuted to the German port of Kiel for work. In 1941 he had to enlist in the Wehrmacht. Karel Matuška experienced the battles of the Ostrava-Opava Operation in Hata, witnessed the expulsion of the German army and the violence of the Red Army against the civilian population. With the end of the war in 1945, he experienced the uncertainty of the inhabitants of the Hlučín region, who were threatened with expulsion to Germany. He trained as a locksmith and worked at the Armaturka Dolní Benešov company. He manufactured parts for the construction of the oil and gas pipeline from Russia to Europe. He never joined the Communist Party. It did not fit in with his beliefs and his Catholic faith. At the time of the recording in August 2024, he was living in his family home in Hať and possessed a rich archive of photographs and documents.