Онуфрій Дудок

“In the concentration camp there was a strict discipline considering lice. If one louse was found – five strokes on the butt, two – ten, and three lice – fifteen strokes. It was very strict. Every morning we had to wash ourselves, to go in the morning through the yard. There in the end of the barrack was the so called “Waschraum” (from German: “washing room”). “Waschraum” – do you know, what it is? It is a place where all prisoners were supposed to wash themselves. And in the barrack there was the so called “Stubendienst” (from German: “a watchman in a room”). Do you know, what it means? “Stube” is a room, and “Dienst” means servіce. There were many of them, those “Stubendiensts”. Everyone had his own function. They were watching who was washing and who was not. We were supposed to wash ourselves to the waist. And they observed who was not washing. In winter, for example. They saw that this one was not washing himself. He was completely undressed. They took his hands and his arms and put him in the snow, and cleaned him with a birchen broom. After this activity surely he would wash himself the next time. So there was no way out – we were supposed to wash ourselves.”

“When the front was approaching, for three or four days we did not have any food to eat. We had only hot water. No bread, nothing. Dead bodies were lying in piles, their heads pointing in different directions. They were put together in such a way. Along the height and the length of the barrack, because crematoria stopped working. Right next to the barrack I was in. Those American soldiers on the second day were running around with stretches. Who was laying on a bed that person was taken out by the soldiers: one person lifted in the front, another one in the back, and the third one pulled him from the bed and carried outside the camp. They did it many times. I was laying and thinking what has got the hold of me. I was dragged to stretches. And taken out of the camp. There they did a temporary shelter, because there were also barracks, but they were SS barracks. People were put there, and many died there. It was like this: a person ate a little bit and the stomach stopped working. Hunger is something horrible. The stomach stuck to the backbone. So I was carried out of the camp. And after a few days we were taken out of it.”

“In 1944 after a morning muster Reportführer (from German: “a person responsible for reporting”) announced, ‘Alles bleiben stein’ (from German: “no one is allowed to move”). This has never happened before. And then every Blockführer (from German: “head of the barrack”) was running in front of his barrack with a red pencil, looking at prisoners’ faces. And who was very skinny, that person had a “zero” drawn on his face. Every Blockführer did this. This procedure did not last for very long. Approximately twenty minutes. Eight hundred people were marked with a “zero”. The campaign was over. Then the Reportführer announced, ‘Those who have a “zero” – “bleiben stein”’ (from German: “do not move”). And “anderes – Komando formieren” (from German: “the rest are to form a commando”). After 10 minutes the drill ground was empty. Only those who had “zeroes” were there. ‘What is going to happen to us, - they said.’ – ‘To the transport! To the transport, to the transport’. We would be transported to a different place. But they were just talking that we are going to the transport. We were divided into hundreds… (Q.: "Did you have a zero drawn on your forehead?") "Yes. Because I was getting very close to be a “zero”.

“We were locked and the train departed. There was only a little window on the top, so it was almost dark the whole day. And then all of a sudden we heard sirens, planes flying. It was an attack somewhere. The train stopped and after a minute we heard shootings towards those planes. Meanwhile planes were dropping bombs. We heard an explosion. We heard explosions from shootings. Then a bomb exploded near our wagon – the wagon warped and stones fell on the roof. I thought, “This is probably our last hour”. I was thinking how easily a person may die, with no grief. The attack lasted for half an hour. Then planes flew away somewhere. After this the train stood still for six days. I do not know exactly. Maybe it was standing there for the whole week. Up front everything was damaged. In the wagon people were dying, because we had neither food, nor water. Provision that we had for the travel was enough for only two days. Everybody ate his/her piece of bread on the way and we did not have anything else left. And we were endlessly standing there. It was, probably, the beginning of spring. Frost. Possibly, March. Inside the wagon people were breathing so it was a little bit warmer, but outside it was freezing cold. All rivets were covered with hoarfrost. So everybody licked it for a while – it helped a little bit. There were a lot of dead bodies in the wagon. People were dying. If only we had some water. No food, no water. We couldn’t stand it anymore. People were so skinny they looked like skeletons. But finally we have arrived. The wagons were opened. – ‘Alles raus!’ (from German: “everyone out!”) There we saw the same people as us. We asked, ‘Where are we?’ And he said, ‘Auschwitz, Auschwitz’.