Helena Vaníková

* 1936

  • "Those who were rich bought the land. Those who weren't had to cut down the Volhynian forests. Fell the trees first, then claim the land. The trees had eaten all the soil nutrients, so they had to quickly get some cattle to fertilize it to grow and harvest anything. They also initially lived in dugouts (zemlyankas) like the Ukrainians did because they didn't have the means to build solid shelters. Then over time they got huts to stay in. Grandma Policová and grandpa Polica made this house you can see [in the photo] all by themselves. My grandmother tiled the roof with grandfather while pregnant with our father, in the final month of pregnancy. People worked their asses off there!"

  • "Two guerrilla fighters came one night. They were all in white, wearing these suits made of bedsheets to merge with the snow. We all came into the hall, us children and our mother. The man just said in Russian: 'Comrade Polic, it's time!' Daddy helped them secretly at night. During the day, he would try to gain some intel, as we shared the house with the Gestapo and the Germans. Then at night, he was with the guerrillas again. Do you know how that felt? The kind of tension that we grew up in? No one can imagine that! Don't talk, don't say anything because it could would cost us our lives."

  • "The Banderites raided our kolkhoz and burned it down. They didn't let the livestock to get out. Our house and yard were opposite the kolkhoz, not far away. My grandfather Polic, dad's dad, used to keep watch in that cowshed and helped cows giving birth to calves. The Banderites put him under this heavy trough and covered him; he could suffocate there. When everything was on fire, they rode away. Dad quickly ran away to save his onw daddy. He took him out of the trough and grandpa was half dead, scared to death. He [daddy] opened all doors to get the livestock out. Still, about ninety sheep burned to death."

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    Cheb, 24.05.2024

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In Volhynia, the people were overjoyed

Helena Vaníková after arrival in Czechoslovakia, 1951
Helena Vaníková after arrival in Czechoslovakia, 1951
zdroj: Witness's archive

Helena Vaníková was born in Moučany, Ukraine on 21 November 1936. Her father, a teacher by profession, came from a kulak family. For that, he was punished by having to work in various schools and the famiyl moved frequently. When World War II began, her parents were able to return to their family‘s original home in Česká Holoveň in Volhynia. Their family inhabited one half of the house and the Gestapo lived in the other half. Her father secretly collaborated with the guerrillas and died in a skirmish between them and the retreating German army in 1944. In addition to their fear of the Nazis, they also feared the Banderites who set fire to a kolkhoz where the witness‘s grandfather almost died. In 1947, as part of the repatriation of the Volhynian Czechs, they took a train to Czechoslovakia. The mother and daughters settled in Karlovy Vary where Helena Vaníková completed medical school and then worked as a nurse all her life. Although she did not discuss her past much in public while growing up, she retained her love for Ukraine and her memories. Thus, in 2017, she and her descendants set out to find the family‘s former house in Holoveň. She was living in Karlovy Vary in 2024.